How the reverse osmosis system works?

Reverse osmosis (RO) is a water purification process that uses a semi-permeable membrane to remove contaminants and impurities from water. Here's how it works:

1. Pre-Filtration: Before entering the reverse osmosis system, the water typically passes through one or more pre-filters to remove larger particles, sediment, chlorine, and other substances that could damage or clog the RO membrane. Pre-filtration helps prolong the life of the membrane and improves the efficiency of the purification process.

2. Pressurization: The pre-filtered water is then pressurized using a pump or the water pressure from the supply line. The pressure is necessary to overcome the natural osmotic pressure and force the water molecules through the semi-permeable membrane.

3. Reverse Osmosis Membrane: The pressurized water is introduced into the reverse osmosis membrane module, which consists of a thin, semi-permeable membrane with microscopic pores. These pores are small enough to allow water molecules to pass through while blocking the passage of most contaminants, including dissolved salts, minerals, heavy metals, bacteria, and viruses.

4. Separation of Pure Water and Concentrate: As the pressurized water flows across the membrane, purified water molecules are forced through the membrane pores, leaving behind a concentrated stream of contaminants and impurities. This concentrated stream, known as brine or concentrate, contains the rejected contaminants and is typically discharged from the system.

5. Collection of Purified Water: The purified water, now free from most contaminants, passes through the membrane and is collected in a separate storage tank or reservoir. This purified water is suitable for drinking, cooking, and other applications where clean, high-quality water is desired.

6. Post-Filtration and Final Treatment: After passing through the reverse osmosis membrane, the purified water may undergo additional filtration or treatment to further improve its taste, odor, and quality. This may include passing through activated carbon filters to remove any remaining traces of chlorine, organic compounds, or other volatile substances.

7. Storage and Dispensing: The purified water is stored in a separate tank or reservoir until it is needed. It can be dispensed through a dedicated faucet or integrated into a home or commercial water distribution system for use.

Reverse osmosis systems are widely used for residential, commercial, and industrial water purification applications due to their effectiveness in removing a wide range of contaminants and producing high-quality drinking water.